JavaScript Date Get Methods

Date get methods are used to retrieve parts of a date object. They allow you to extract the year, month, day, hours, minutes, seconds, milliseconds, and the timestamp from any Date object.

getFullYear()

The getFullYear() method returns the four-digit year of a date. Always use getFullYear() instead of the deprecated getYear() method.

getFullYear()
const d = new Date("2024-06-15T10:30:00");
console.log("Full Year:", d.getFullYear());

const now = new Date();
console.log("Current Year:", now.getFullYear());

getMonth() and getDate()

getMonth() returns the month as a number from 0 to 11 (0 = January, 11 = December). getDate() returns the day of the month from 1 to 31.

getMonth() and getDate()
const d = new Date("2024-06-15");

// Month is 0-indexed!
console.log("Month (0-11):", d.getMonth());

// Get month name
const months = ["January", "February", "March", "April",
  "May", "June", "July", "August",
  "September", "October", "November", "December"];
console.log("Month name:", months[d.getMonth()]);

// Day of the month (1-31)
console.log("Date:", d.getDate());
📝 Note: getDate() returns the day of the month (1-31), while getDay() returns the day of the week (0-6). Don't confuse them!

getDay()

getDay() returns the day of the week as a number from 0 (Sunday) to 6 (Saturday).

getDay()
const d = new Date("2024-06-15");

console.log("Day number (0-6):", d.getDay());

// Get day name
const days = ["Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday",
  "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday"];
console.log("Day name:", days[d.getDay()]);

getHours(), getMinutes(), getSeconds()

These methods return the time components of a date. getHours() returns 0-23, getMinutes() returns 0-59, and getSeconds() returns 0-59.

Time Get Methods
const d = new Date("2024-06-15T14:30:45");

console.log("Hours (0-23):", d.getHours());
console.log("Minutes (0-59):", d.getMinutes());
console.log("Seconds (0-59):", d.getSeconds());
console.log("Milliseconds (0-999):", d.getMilliseconds());

// Format as HH:MM:SS
const hh = String(d.getHours()).padStart(2, '0');
const mm = String(d.getMinutes()).padStart(2, '0');
const ss = String(d.getSeconds()).padStart(2, '0');
console.log(`Time: ${hh}:${mm}:${ss}`);

getTime() and getTimezoneOffset()

getTime() returns the number of milliseconds since January 1, 1970 (Unix epoch). getTimezoneOffset() returns the difference in minutes between UTC and the local time zone.

getTime() and getTimezoneOffset()
const d = new Date("2024-06-15T10:30:00");

// Milliseconds since epoch
console.log("Timestamp:", d.getTime());

// Timezone offset in minutes
console.log("Timezone offset:", d.getTimezoneOffset());

// Compare two dates using getTime()
const d1 = new Date("2024-06-15");
const d2 = new Date("2024-06-20");
console.log("d1 < d2:", d1.getTime() < d2.getTime());

// Days between two dates
const diffMs = d2.getTime() - d1.getTime();
const diffDays = diffMs / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24);
console.log("Days between:", diffDays);
MethodReturnsRange
getFullYear()Year4 digits
getMonth()Month0-11
getDate()Day of month1-31
getDay()Day of week0-6 (Sun-Sat)
getHours()Hour0-23
getMinutes()Minutes0-59
getSeconds()Seconds0-59
getMilliseconds()Milliseconds0-999
getTime()Timestampms since epoch
Exercise:
What does getMonth() return for March?
Try it YourselfCtrl+Enter to run
Click Run to see the output here.